Freer J P
J Med Philos. 1984 Nov;9(4):395-407. doi: 10.1093/jmp/9.4.395.
A 'naturalistic principle' has been put forth by Rolston, which leads to respect for the irreversibly comatose by virtue of the residual biological (objective) life. By comparing objective and subjective life, he develops a naturalistic principle which he contrasts with the humanistic norm of contemporary medical ethics. He claims there are clinical applications which would necessarily follow. A critique of this viewpoint is presented here, which begins with an analysis of what might be of value in spontaneous objective life. A measure of the moral worth of simple objective life is attempted by means of comparison with our attitudes toward animals. Finally, some of the clinical applications suggested by Rolston are reviewed. Except for euthanasia, there appear to be few clinical situations where the naturalistic principle helps in problem solving.
罗尔斯顿提出了一条“自然主义原则”，该原则基于残余的生物（客观）生命，要求尊重不可逆昏迷患者。通过比较客观生命和主观生命，他发展出了一条自然主义原则，并将其与当代医学伦理学的人文规范进行了对比。他声称必然会有相应的临床应用。本文对这一观点进行了批判，首先分析了自发客观生命中可能具有价值的东西。通过与我们对动物的态度进行比较，尝试衡量简单客观生命的道德价值。最后，对罗尔斯顿提出的一些临床应用进行了审视。除了安乐死之外，在解决临床问题方面，自然主义原则似乎很少能发挥作用。
