March B E, MacMillan C, Chu S
Poult Sci. 1984 Nov;63(11):2207-16. doi: 10.3382/ps.0632207.
Female broiler-type chickens were fed diets containing different concentrations of protein and fat in two experiments. The first experiment was for 4 weeks. The mean weights of the abdominal fat pads were inversely related to dietary concentrations of protein between 20 and 35%. Adipocyte size and cellularity of the fat pads were lower with 30 than 20% protein. Fat deposition in the abdominal pad was increased in 3-week-old chicks by isocaloric substitution of oil for starch in the diets. At 4 weeks of age the effect of oil was not significant with 30 or 20% dietary protein (no measurements were made in chicks fed 35 or 25% protein). In Experiment 2, the development of the abdominal fat pad in birds fed 18 to 33% protein was monitored for 22 weeks. By 7 weeks the distribution of adipocyte size was bimodal. The initial adipocyte population showed comparatively little increase in numbers after 12 weeks, but cell size continued to increase. The numbers of adippcytes in the second population of adipocytes was still increasing rapidly at 22 weeks, although the size of the cells in this population remained small. At 22 weeks the small cells constituted 62% of the total adipocyte population but contained only 2.4% of the lipid in the fat pad. Adipocyte cell size was significantly affected by dietary protein and energy until 9 weeks of age, but the effects subsequently declined.
在两项实验中，给雌性肉仔鸡饲喂含有不同蛋白质和脂肪浓度的日粮。第一个实验为期4周。腹部脂肪垫的平均重量与日粮中20%至35%的蛋白质浓度呈负相关。蛋白质含量为30%时，脂肪垫的脂肪细胞大小和细胞数量低于蛋白质含量为20%时。通过在日粮中用等热量的油脂替代淀粉，3周龄雏鸡腹部脂肪垫的脂肪沉积增加。4周龄时，对于日粮蛋白质含量为30%或20%的雏鸡，油脂的影响不显著（未对日粮蛋白质含量为35%或25%的雏鸡进行测量）。在实验2中，对饲喂18%至33%蛋白质日粮的鸡的腹部脂肪垫发育情况进行了22周的监测。到7周时，脂肪细胞大小分布呈双峰型。最初的脂肪细胞群体在12周后数量增加相对较少，但细胞大小持续增加。在22周时，第二批脂肪细胞的数量仍在快速增加，尽管该群体中细胞的大小仍然较小。在22周时，小细胞占脂肪细胞总数的62%，但仅占脂肪垫中脂质的2.4%。直到9周龄，日粮蛋白质和能量对脂肪细胞大小有显著影响，但随后影响减弱。
