Zhong C, Nakaue H S, Hu C Y, Mirosh L W
Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331-6702, USA.
Poult Sci. 1995 Oct;74(10):1636-43. doi: 10.3382/ps.0741636.
Three hundred sixty Peterson x Arbor Acres chicks were fed two feed regimens to compare their effects on adipose cellularity, adipocyte lipolysis, hepatic glucose oxidation, adipocyte lipogenesis, bird performance, and abdominal fat level. Broilers in the first regimen had ad libitum access to feed throughout the 7-wk experiment, whereas broilers in the second regimen consumed feed at will throughout the experiment except that they were subjected to feed restriction (1.49 kcal/g BW2/3 daily) from 7 to 12 d of age (DOA). No differences in mean body weights were observed between the full-fed and restricted males and combined sex broilers at 49 DOA. Feed conversion and abdominal fat levels of female and combined sex were lower (P < .05) for the restricted than full-fed broilers. No differences in adipocyte numbers based either on whole abdominal fat pads at 28 and 42 DOA or per gram fat at 42 DOA were observed between broilers fed the two feed regimens. However, the adipocyte numbers per gram fat at 28 DOA were greater (P < .05) for the restricted broiler than for the broilers that ate freely. Lipolysis based per million adipocytes was not different between the treatments at 28 and 42 DOA; however, lipolysis based on per gram adipose tissue was increased (P < .05) with the addition of isoproterenol and theophylline for the restricted broilers compared to the full-fed broilers at 28 DOA. No difference was observed between the feed regimens at 42 DOA with hormone addition. Lipogenesis of the restricted broilers was lower (P < .05) than that of the full-fed broilers at 14 and 56 DOA. No difference in glucose oxidation was found between chickens fed the two regimens. Reduced abdominal fat in the restricted broilers is attributed to the reduction of adipocyte volume, which may be due to decreased lipogenesis.
360只彼得森×阿伯罗·艾克瑞斯雏鸡被投喂两种饲料方案，以比较它们对脂肪细胞构成、脂肪细胞脂解、肝脏葡萄糖氧化、脂肪细胞脂肪生成、鸡的生长性能和腹部脂肪水平的影响。在为期7周的实验中，第一种方案中的肉鸡在整个实验期间可自由采食饲料，而第二种方案中的肉鸡在整个实验期间也可随意采食饲料，只是在7至12日龄时受到限饲（每天1.49千卡/克体重的2/3）。在49日龄时，全喂料组和限饲组的雄性肉鸡以及混合性别肉鸡的平均体重没有差异。限饲组的雌性和混合性别肉鸡的饲料转化率和腹部脂肪水平低于全喂料组（P<0.05）。在28和42日龄时，基于整个腹部脂肪垫或42日龄时每克脂肪的脂肪细胞数量，两种饲料方案喂养的肉鸡之间没有差异。然而，28日龄时限饲组每克脂肪的脂肪细胞数量比自由采食组的肉鸡更多（P<0.05）。在28和42日龄时，每百万脂肪细胞的脂解在不同处理之间没有差异；然而，在28日龄时，与全喂料组相比，添加异丙肾上腺素和茶碱后，限饲组基于每克脂肪组织的脂解增加（P<0.05）。在42日龄添加激素时，饲料方案之间没有差异。在14和56日龄时，限饲组的脂肪生成低于全喂料组（P<0.05）。两种方案喂养的鸡在葡萄糖氧化方面没有差异。限饲组腹部脂肪减少归因于脂肪细胞体积减小，这可能是由于脂肪生成减少所致。
