Hartman E G
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1984 Dec;258(2-3):350-9. doi: 10.1016/s0176-6724(84)80053-x.
The epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the Netherlands from 1969 through 1982. Leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. However, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. The incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. Infections with serotype canicola were more evenly distributed over the year with only a slight increase during summer and autumn. Infections caused by serotype canicola were significantly more prevalent in male dogs, whereas infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae were found both in males and females in almost equal numbers. The incidence of infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest in immature dogs. Infections with serotype canicola were detected in young as well as older animals. In contrast to the situation in the past, infections with serotype icterohaemorrhagiae are now more common than those caused by serotype canicola, which have become rare. The highest incidence of infection was found in the western part of the country. The majority of infections was demonstrated in guard-dogs and sporting-dogs. Dogs proved to be of minor importance as a source of human infection in the Netherlands.
1969年至1982年期间，荷兰开展了一项有限的研究，对犬钩端螺旋体病的流行病学进行了调查。问号钩端螺旋体黄疸出血型和犬型被发现是仅有的可引发临床钩端螺旋体病的血清型。然而，也检测到针对波摩那型、布拉迪斯拉发型、致热型和拜伦型血清型的阳性凝集效价。黄疸出血型血清型引起的感染发病率在夏季和秋季最高。犬型血清型感染在一年中分布更为均匀，仅在夏季和秋季略有增加。犬型血清型引起的感染在雄性犬中显著更为普遍，而黄疸出血型血清型感染在雄性和雌性犬中的数量几乎相等。黄疸出血型血清型感染在未成熟犬中发病率最高。犬型血清型感染在年轻和年长动物中均有发现。与过去的情况相反，现在黄疸出血型血清型感染比犬型血清型感染更为常见，犬型血清型感染已变得罕见。该国西部地区感染发病率最高。大多数感染发生在护卫犬和运动犬身上。在荷兰，犬被证明作为人类感染源的重要性较低。
