Risk factors in surgical correction of congenital heart defects in early childhood.

The technique of surface-induced hypothermia, circulatory arrest and limited extracorporeal circulation was used in the surgical correction of congenital heart defects in 125 young children. Hospital mortality was 18% and no death could be attributed to the surgical technique. An analysis of risk factors demonstrated that successful corrective surgery was not significantly related to age, body weight or pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. In transposition of the great arteries, the presence of a ventricular septal defect was associated with an increased mortality. Emergency operations performed because of severe hypoxaemia carried a high mortality, especially in patients with tetralogy of Fallot.