Erber J T
Exp Aging Res. 1984 Winter;10(4):221-3. doi: 10.1080/03610738408258469.
The effect of encoding congruence on incidental free and cured recall was investigated by presenting young and older adults with a list of 24 words, one from each of 24 taxonomic categories. half the subjects from each age group received a congruent orienting task, in which category questions were matched with relevant word instances; the other half from each age group received a non-congruent orienting task, in which category questions were not matched with relevant instances. The age x orienting task x memory interaction indicated that the free recall performance of the young was higher following the congruent orienting, but that of the old was no different following congruent and non-congruent orienting. On cued recall, both age groups performed at the same high level following congruent orienting. The young had a marginally higher level of cued recall than the old following non-congruent orienting. The implications of these findings for processing and production deficiency hypotheses of age-related memory differences were discussed.
通过向年轻人和老年人呈现包含24个单词的列表（每个单词来自24个分类类别中的一个），研究了编码一致性对偶然自由回忆和线索回忆的影响。每个年龄组的一半受试者接受一致性定向任务，其中类别问题与相关单词实例相匹配；每个年龄组的另一半受试者接受非一致性定向任务，其中类别问题与相关实例不匹配。年龄×定向任务×记忆的交互作用表明，年轻人在一致性定向后的自由回忆表现更高，但老年人在一致性和非一致性定向下的表现没有差异。在线索回忆方面，两个年龄组在一致性定向下的表现都处于相同的高水平。在非一致性定向下，年轻人的线索回忆水平略高于老年人。讨论了这些发现对与年龄相关的记忆差异的加工和产生缺陷假说的意义。
