Rankin J L, Hyland T P
Exp Aging Res. 1983 Fall;9(3):159-64. doi: 10.1080/03610738308258445.
This research examined the type of recognition errors made following orienting task instructions in order to investigate possible age differences in the depth of processing of information to be learned. Eighteen young, 18 middle-aged, and 18 elderly adults viewed 48 words, each of which was accompanied by learning instructions or a phonological or semantic orienting task. Subjects were then presented previously-seen items paired with a synonym, rhyme, or unrelated word. Analyses revealed no age differences in the number or pattern of recognition errors. Middle-aged and elderly adults recalled fewer items than young adults and their recall scores were less affected by orienting task instructions. Results are discussed in the context of possible age differences in the depth and elaboration of processing during study.
本研究考察了在定向任务指令之后出现的识别错误类型，以探究在学习信息的加工深度方面可能存在的年龄差异。18名年轻人、18名中年人和18名老年人观看了48个单词，每个单词都伴有学习指令或语音或语义定向任务。然后向受试者呈现之前看过的项目，并与同义词、押韵词或无关单词配对。分析显示，在识别错误的数量或模式上不存在年龄差异。中年人和老年人回忆起的项目比年轻人少，并且他们的回忆分数受定向任务指令的影响较小。研究结果在学习过程中加工深度和精细程度可能存在年龄差异的背景下进行了讨论。
