Phosphate transport, membrane potential, and movements of calcium in rat liver mitochondria.

The membrane potential and calcium accumulation of mitochondria were followed by ion-specific electrodes in the presence of the proton-donor anions phosphate, acetate, glutamate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Phosphate was the only anion which allowed rapid and complete restoration of both the membrane potential and the steady-state extramitochondrial calcium concentration after the uptake of 100-200 nmol calcium per mg protein. If there was no influx of any proton-donor anion, the extent of calcium uptake depended on the intramitochondrial phosphate content. Both the fall of the membrane potential and the increase of the external calcium concentration brought about by a given amount of uncoupler were counteracted by phosphate transported into the mitochondria.