Salmi A, Lund G
J Gen Virol. 1984 Oct;65 ( Pt 10):1655-63. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-10-1655.
An inhibition radioimmunoassay and a two-site immunoradiometric (four-layer) assay for the quantification of measles virus nucleocapsid antigen were established and their sensitivities compared. Both assays exhibited threshold sensitivities of from 1 to 10 ng nucleocapsid antigen per ml. Concentrations of reagents used in the assays were shown to be an important factor determining the sensitivities of the assays. Purified mumps or parainfluenza 2 virus nucleocapsids did not compete with measles virus nucleocapsids in the inhibition assay but some degree of cross-reactivity with canine distemper virus nucleocapsid was observed. Pretreatment of virus-infected cells with detergent had a significant effect on the amount of antigen detectable by the assays. SDS greatly decreased the reactivity of measles virus nucleocapsid but Triton X-100 and, to a larger degree, sodium deoxycholate released antigen from the cells in quantities greater than that detected when no detergent pretreatment was employed. Complexing of antibodies to measles virus nucleocapsids in vitro decreased dramatically the threshold sensitivity of the nucleocapsid assays. The antigen-antibody complexes could be disrupted and the components separated but the conditions employed destroyed 90% of the antigenic reactivity of the nucleocapsid and also had a deleterious effect on the antibody. Nucleocapsid antigen was readily detected in brains from hamsters with acute measles encephalitis. The assays, however, were not sensitive enough for routine detection of antigen in brains from hamsters with chronic measles encephalitis.
建立了用于定量麻疹病毒核衣壳抗原的抑制放射免疫测定法和双位点免疫放射测定法（四层法），并比较了它们的灵敏度。两种测定法的阈值灵敏度均为每毫升1至10纳克核衣壳抗原。测定中所用试剂的浓度被证明是决定测定灵敏度的一个重要因素。在抑制测定中，纯化的腮腺炎或副流感2病毒核衣壳不与麻疹病毒核衣壳竞争，但观察到与犬瘟热病毒核衣壳有一定程度的交叉反应。用去污剂对病毒感染细胞进行预处理对测定法可检测到的抗原量有显著影响。十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）大大降低了麻疹病毒核衣壳的反应性，但 Triton X - 100以及更大程度上的脱氧胆酸钠从细胞中释放的抗原量比未进行去污剂预处理时检测到的量更大。体外将抗体与麻疹病毒核衣壳结合会显著降低核衣壳测定法的阈值灵敏度。抗原 - 抗体复合物可以被破坏并分离各成分，但所采用的条件破坏了90%的核衣壳抗原反应性，并且对抗体也有有害影响。在患有急性麻疹脑炎的仓鼠脑中很容易检测到核衣壳抗原。然而，这些测定法对于常规检测患有慢性麻疹脑炎的仓鼠脑中的抗原来说不够灵敏。
