Shively C, Kaplan J
Physiol Behav. 1984 Nov;33(5):777-82. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(84)90047-7.
Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and social subordination have been reported frequently in small mammals; these adrenal changes have been linked to impairments in immune response, glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. Similar studies in primates have produced variable results. The current study was undertaken to illuminate the effects of social status on the adrenal gland and to examine concurrent effects of social variables on other physiological systems in Macaca fascicularis, in an initial exploration of the hypothesis that high and low social status have different physiological consequences. Sixty adult male M. fascicularis were housed in social groups of n = 5, under either stable or unstable social conditions. It was found that subordinate animals had heavier adrenal glands and somewhat higher plasma glucose concentrations than dominants. In contrast, dominants had higher blood pressure and worsened atherosclerosis, under some conditions, than subordinates. These data appear to offer preliminary support for Henry and Stephen's hypothesis of differential arousal of dominant and subordinate animals.
在小型哺乳动物中，经常有报道称与战败和社会从属地位相关的肾上腺皮质活动增加及肾上腺肥大；这些肾上腺变化与免疫反应、葡萄糖代谢和生殖性能受损有关。在灵长类动物中进行的类似研究结果不一。本研究旨在阐明社会地位对肾上腺的影响，并检验社会变量对食蟹猴其他生理系统的同时影响，初步探索高社会地位和低社会地位具有不同生理后果这一假设。60只成年雄性食蟹猴以每组n = 5的数量群居，处于稳定或不稳定的社会条件下。结果发现，从属动物的肾上腺比优势动物更重，血浆葡萄糖浓度也略高。相比之下，在某些情况下，优势动物的血压更高，动脉粥样硬化更严重。这些数据似乎为亨利和斯蒂芬关于优势动物和从属动物不同唤醒状态的假设提供了初步支持。
