Shively C A, Laber-Laird K, Anton R F
Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Apr 15;41(8):871-82. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00185-0.
The hypothesis that social subordination is stressful, and results in a depressive response in some individuals, was examined in socially housed female cynomolgus monkeys. Social status was manipulated such that half of the previously subordinate females became dominant and half of the previously dominant females became subordinate. Current subordinates hypersecreted cortisol, were insensitive to negative feedback, and had suppressed reproductive function. Current subordinates received more aggression, engaged in less affiliation, and spent more time alone than dominants. Furthermore, they spent more time fearfully scanning the social environment and displayed more behavioral depression than dominants. Current subordinates with a history of social subordination were preferentially susceptible to a behavioral depression response. The results of this experiment suggest that the stress of social subordination causes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and ovarian dysfunction, and support the hypothesis that chronic, low-intensity social stress may result in depression in susceptible individuals.
社会从属地位具有压力，并会导致一些个体出现抑郁反应，这一假设在群居的雌性食蟹猴身上得到了验证。对社会地位进行了操控，使得先前处于从属地位的雌性中有一半变为占主导地位，而先前占主导地位的雌性中有一半变为从属地位。当前的从属者皮质醇分泌过多，对负反馈不敏感，且生殖功能受到抑制。与占主导地位的猴子相比，当前的从属者受到更多攻击，社交更少，独处时间更多。此外，它们花更多时间恐惧地审视社会环境，表现出比占主导地位的猴子更多的行为抑郁。有社会从属历史的当前从属者更容易出现行为抑郁反应。该实验结果表明，社会从属压力会导致下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺和卵巢功能障碍，并支持慢性、低强度社会压力可能导致易感个体抑郁的假设。
