Smit-Vis J H
Anat Anz. 1984;157(4):261-74.
Experimental bipedia results in retarded general development and in a change of skull form. The present study was undertaken to investigate the precise cause(s) of the changes of skull growth. Skull growth was restudied in experimentally bipedal male rats and compared to that in control rats that were reared in extra large litters, thereby creating undernutrition during the pre-weaning period. In addition, another category of control rats were reared in litters of standard size. The animals were sacrificed at the age of either 30 or 46 weeks. The following observations were made. In bipedal as well as in large-litter rats the cranial base was different to that of the standard-litter rats with respect to the following aspects: the basisphenoid bone was reduced in length, and the cranial base was more dorsally flexed at the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Both differences, therefore, do not seem to be specific for the bipedal condition, but must be the consequence of general growth retardation during early life. The supra-occipital bone, on the other hand, was rotated backward in the large-litter rats, but rotated forward in the bipedal rats. This phenomenon seems to be the only change observed so far that is specific for the bipedal condition.
实验性双足行走导致整体发育迟缓以及颅骨形态改变。本研究旨在探究颅骨生长变化的确切原因。对实验性双足雄性大鼠的颅骨生长进行了重新研究，并与在超大窝中饲养的对照大鼠进行比较，从而在断奶前造成营养不良。此外，另一类对照大鼠在标准大小的窝中饲养。这些动物在30周或46周龄时被处死。观察结果如下。在双足行走大鼠以及大窝大鼠中，颅底在以下方面与标准窝大鼠不同：蝶骨基底部长度缩短，颅底在蝶枕软骨结合处向背侧弯曲更明显。因此，这两个差异似乎并非双足行走状态所特有，而必定是早期生命中整体生长迟缓的结果。另一方面，上枕骨在大窝大鼠中向后旋转，但在双足行走大鼠中向前旋转。这种现象似乎是迄今为止观察到的唯一特定于双足行走状态的变化。
