Mata L, Bolaños H, Pizarro D, Vives M
Rev Biol Trop. 1984 Jun;32(1):129-35.
The present report is a systematic study of children, with and without diarrhea from Costa Rican metropolitan areas and southern rural higlands. Children were observed, respectively, at emergencies, Hospital Nacional de Niños, and in a field station in Puriscal; urban children were studied vertically, rural children were observed prospectively (cohort study). Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 4.3% of the cases of diarrhea; diarrhea was generally severe in urban children, but mild in the rural. Infection was detected in urban children less than one year of age: contrasting, no rural infants were found infected, which might be related to breast-feeding, since Puriscal infants were intensively breast-fed for several months, while many urban infants were not breast-fed or were weaned earlier. Cryptosporidium sp. appeared during the warm, rainy and humid months of May through August, when the coccidium was associated with 14.8% of the urban and 15.4% of the rural diarrheas. All urban cases presented dehydration which was corrected with oral rehydration salt therapy, and occasionally with intravenous fluids; dehydration was not common in the rural cases.
本报告是对来自哥斯达黎加首都地区和南部农村高地的腹泻和未腹泻儿童进行的系统研究。分别在急诊室、国家儿童医院以及普里西卡尔的一个野外工作站对儿童进行观察；对城市儿童进行纵向研究，对农村儿童进行前瞻性观察（队列研究）。在4.3%的腹泻病例中发现了隐孢子虫属；城市儿童的腹泻通常较为严重，而农村儿童的腹泻则较轻。在城市一岁以下儿童中检测到感染；相比之下，未发现农村婴儿感染，这可能与母乳喂养有关，因为普里西卡尔的婴儿会进行几个月的密集母乳喂养，而许多城市婴儿没有进行母乳喂养或断奶较早。隐孢子虫属出现在5月至8月温暖、多雨和潮湿的月份，此时该球虫与14.8%的城市腹泻病例和15.4%的农村腹泻病例有关。所有城市病例均出现脱水，通过口服补液盐疗法并偶尔通过静脉输液进行纠正；脱水在农村病例中并不常见。
