Lauwerys R
IARC Sci Publ. 1984(59):31-6.
Environmental and biological monitoring are two complementary approaches for evaluating human exposure to genotoxic agents. Environmental monitoring involves, usually, measurement of chemicals either by physico-chemical techniques or via biological activities (e.g., mutagenic activity of airborne pollutants). Biological monitoring relies on two groups of tests: those based on determination of the substances or their biotransformation products in various biological media and those based on detection and, possibly, quantification of those biological changes that result from the reaction of the organism to exposure. The application of tests for exposure and the interpretation of the results require a careful evaluation of several issues, mainly the sensitivity, specificity and health significance of the selected monitoring parameters, the precision and accuracy of the analytical technique and the ethical aspects.
环境监测和生物监测是评估人类接触遗传毒性剂的两种互补方法。环境监测通常涉及通过物理化学技术或生物活性（例如空气传播污染物的诱变活性）来测量化学物质。生物监测依赖于两类测试：一类基于测定各种生物介质中的物质或其生物转化产物，另一类基于检测并可能量化生物体接触后产生的生物变化。接触测试的应用和结果的解释需要仔细评估几个问题，主要包括所选监测参数的敏感性、特异性和健康意义、分析技术的精密度和准确性以及伦理方面。
