Iwasa Y
Theor Popul Biol. 1984 Oct;26(2):205-27. doi: 10.1016/0040-5809(84)90030-3.
The optimal oviposition strategies of parasitoids, the host range, and the number of eggs laid per host which result in the maximum lifetime performance of reproduction, are investigated. To study the effects of parasitoid mortality and of limiting total number of eggs laid by a parasitoid, a standard criterion used in previous theories of optimal diet and optimal patch use, the maximization of the foraging rate, is no longer suitable. The model is solved analytically by using dynamic programming. The results are as follows: The host preference of solitary parasitoids depends on the mortality during handling times; i.e., the forager tends to avoid hosts with high risk of foraging mortality. If the total number of eggs produced by a parasitoid is limited, and if the mortality during handling is negligible, the host range is wider when a larger number of eggs remains in the parasitoid's body. In general, however, the mortality-cost of forager and the egg-cost interplay, because the loss of future reproduction by mortality increases with the number of available eggs. In an example with two host types, host range is widest with an intermediate number of eggs available in the body. The optimal number of eggs per host laid by a gregarious parasitoid is also affected by the differential mortality of the forager, and by the number of available eggs.
研究了寄生蜂的最优产卵策略、寄主范围以及每头寄主上的产卵数，这些因素能使寄生蜂一生的繁殖表现达到最优。为了研究寄生蜂死亡率以及限制寄生蜂产卵总数的影响，先前最优食物选择和最优斑块利用理论中使用的标准准则——觅食率最大化，已不再适用。该模型通过动态规划进行解析求解。结果如下：独居寄生蜂的寄主偏好取决于处理寄主期间的死亡率；即，觅食者倾向于避开觅食死亡率高的寄主。如果寄生蜂产生的卵总数有限，且处理寄主期间的死亡率可忽略不计，那么当寄生蜂体内剩余的卵数较多时，寄主范围会更广。然而，一般来说，觅食者的死亡成本和卵成本相互影响，因为因死亡导致的未来繁殖损失会随着可用卵数的增加而增加。在一个有两种寄主类型的例子中，当体内有中等数量的可用卵时，寄主范围最广。群居寄生蜂每头寄主上的最优产卵数也受到觅食者不同死亡率以及可用卵数的影响。
