Montoya Pablo, Pérez-Lachaud Gabriela, Liedo Pablo
Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, CP 30680, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico.
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, ECOSUR, Av. Centenario Km 5.5, CP 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Insects. 2012 Sep 25;3(4):900-11. doi: 10.3390/insects3040900.
Superparasitism, a strategy in which a female lays eggs in/on a previously parasitized host, was attributed in the past to the inability of females to discriminate between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts. However, superparasitism is now accepted as an adaptive strategy under specific conditions. In fruit fly parasitoids, superparasitism has mainly been studied as concerns the new association between Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), wherein this phenomenon is a common occurrence in both mass rearing and field conditions. Studies of this species have shown that moderate levels of superparasitism result in a female-biased sex ratio and that both massreared and wild females superparasitize their hosts without detrimental effects on offspring demographic parameters, including longevity and fecundity. These studies suggest that superparasitism in this species is advantageous. In this paper, we review superparasitism in D. longicaudata, discuss these findings in the context of mass rearing and field releases and address the possible implications of superparasitism in programs employing augmentative releases of parasitoids for the control of fruit fly pests.
重寄生是指雌虫在先前已被寄生的寄主体内或体表产卵的一种策略，过去人们认为这是雌虫无法区分已被寄生和未被寄生寄主的结果。然而，现在重寄生被认为是在特定条件下的一种适应性策略。在果蝇寄生蜂中，重寄生主要是针对长尾潜蝇茧蜂（Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead)，膜翅目：茧蜂科）与墨西哥实蝇（Anastrepha ludens (Loew)，双翅目：实蝇科）之间的新关联进行研究的，在这种关联中，重寄生现象在大规模饲养和田间条件下都很常见。对该物种的研究表明，适度的重寄生会导致雌性偏向的性别比例，并且大规模饲养的雌性和野生雌性都会对其寄主进行重寄生，而不会对包括寿命和繁殖力在内的后代种群统计学参数产生不利影响。这些研究表明，该物种的重寄生是有利的。在本文中，我们综述了长尾潜蝇茧蜂的重寄生现象，在大规模饲养和田间释放的背景下讨论了这些发现，并探讨了在采用增殖释放寄生蜂来控制果蝇害虫的项目中重寄生可能产生的影响。
