Pangborn R M, Giovanni M E
Appetite. 1984 Dec;5(4):317-27. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6663(84)80004-5.
Degree of liking and perceived intensity of sweetness of lemonade containing 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, and 30% added sucrose were obtained from a group of 51 young adults, who then completed a dietary questionnaire from which intake of sweet foods was determined. Corresponding information was collected from 53 different subjects who judged degree of liking and perceived intensity of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16% fat in skim milk, and completed questionnaires relative to dietary intake of dairy products, fluid milk, and dairy fat. In general, perceived intensity of taste was an increasing linear function of concentration of the additive, whereas hedonic responses were more parabolic. Subjects varied extensively in their hedonic response patterns, with the majority liking intermediate levels, and the remainder showing marked liking for either high or low levels (ascending or descending with concentration). Significant correlations were obtained between intake of sweet foods and preferences for sweet food alternatives from the questionnaires. The latter, but not the former, correlated with the subjects' hedonic responses to sweetness in the test medium. For fat, significant correlations were obtained among the three intake measures from the questionnaire, which, in turn, did not correlate with the subjects' hedonic responses to fat in the experimental milk. Therefore, the hypothesis was not confirmed that laboratory preferences for high concentrations of sugar or fat were influenced by dietary intake of these substances. Several possible reasons for this finding are considered.
从51名年轻人中获取了添加4%、6%、8%、10%、14%、20%和30%蔗糖的柠檬水的喜好程度和甜度感知强度，这些年轻人随后完成了一份饮食问卷，据此确定甜食摄入量。从53名不同的受试者那里收集了相应信息，他们对脱脂牛奶中0%、1%、2%、4%、8%和16%脂肪的喜好程度和感知强度进行了评判，并完成了与乳制品、液态奶和乳脂肪饮食摄入量相关的问卷。总体而言，味觉的感知强度是添加剂浓度的递增线性函数，而享乐反应则更呈抛物线状。受试者的享乐反应模式差异很大，大多数人喜欢中等水平，其余的人则明显喜欢高水平或低水平（随浓度递增或递减）。从问卷中得出甜食摄入量与对甜食替代品的偏好之间存在显著相关性。后者而非前者与受试者在测试介质中对甜度的享乐反应相关。对于脂肪，问卷中的三项摄入量测量之间存在显著相关性，而这反过来又与受试者在实验牛奶中对脂肪的享乐反应无关。因此，高浓度糖或脂肪的实验室偏好受这些物质饮食摄入量影响这一假设未得到证实。文中考虑了这一发现的几个可能原因。
