Pangborn R M, Bos K E, Stern J S
Appetite. 1985 Mar;6(1):25-40. doi: 10.1016/s0195-6663(85)80048-9.
Dietary fat intake, with special emphasis on dairy products, was estimated from questionnaires for 42 underweight, 80 normal weight, and 64 overweight adult women. Frequency of consumption of fresh and processed meats, frozen dairy desserts, pastries, and snacks such as potato chips was greater for the overweight than for the underweight subjects. However, preferences between verbally-described high- and low-fat versions of 14 food pairs did not differ by body size. Overweight subjects reported that they consumed more non-fat milk and less whole milk than did the other groups. Discrimination, perceived intensity, paired preference, and hedonic rating of fat in milk and in chocolate milk did not differ significantly according to body size, fat intake, or type of milk consumed. Ad libitum mixing of non-fat milk and "half and half" (12% fat) to individual levels of liking also showed no significant variation with body size. However, subjects with higher dietary fat intakes mixed to higher fat-preference levels in milk than did the low- and medium-fat intake subjects. Those reporting consumption of regular milk (3.5% fat) mixed to higher fat levels than did those who consumed low-fat (2% fat) or non-fat milk. The ad libitum procedure gave better reproducibility and appeared to be a more realistic measure of liking than the hedonic rating or paired-preference tests.
通过问卷调查估算了42名体重过轻、80名体重正常和64名超重成年女性的膳食脂肪摄入量，特别强调了乳制品的摄入量。超重者食用新鲜和加工肉类、冷冻乳制品甜点、糕点以及薯片等零食的频率高于体重过轻者。然而，对于14组口头描述的高脂和低脂食物对的偏好，并未因体型不同而有所差异。超重者报告称，他们比其他组摄入更多的脱脂牛奶，更少的全脂牛奶。根据体型、脂肪摄入量或所饮用牛奶的类型，对牛奶和巧克力牛奶中脂肪的辨别、感知强度、配对偏好和享乐评分并无显著差异。让受试者随意将脱脂牛奶和“半对半”（12%脂肪）混合至个人喜好程度，结果也未显示出随体型有显著变化。然而，膳食脂肪摄入量较高的受试者在牛奶中混合至更高的脂肪偏好水平，高于低脂和中脂摄入量的受试者。报告饮用常规牛奶（3.5%脂肪）的受试者混合至的脂肪水平高于饮用低脂（2%脂肪）或脱脂牛奶的受试者。随意混合法具有更好的可重复性，并且似乎比享乐评分或配对偏好测试更能真实地衡量喜好程度。
