Roberts F B
Nurs Res. 1983 Jul-Aug;32(4):213-7.
The effects of infant behavior on the transition to parenthood were examined. The primary interest was the relationship between the amount of obligatory infant behavior (behavior that required action on the part of the parents) and the parents' perceptions both of their transition to parenthood and of their infant in terms of an "average" baby. The concepts of normative change, parental perceptions of role competence, and parental self-esteem were examined as intervening variables. Data were collected in the last trimester of pregnancy and at one month after delivery. Findings indicated that the amount of obligatory infant behavior does have an effect on the ease of transition to parenthood and on both parents' perceptions of the infant. The relationships in the research model were found to be better supported for mothers than for fathers, but most of the predicted relationships were supported for both. Fathers experienced less normative change than mothers, and made an easier transition. Mothers, on the other hand, reported higher self-perceptions of role competence.
研究了婴儿行为对向为人父母角色转变的影响。主要关注的是强制性婴儿行为（即需要父母采取行动的行为）的数量与父母对自己向为人父母角色转变以及对自己婴儿作为“普通”婴儿的认知之间的关系。将规范变化、父母对角色能力的认知以及父母自尊等概念作为中介变量进行了研究。数据收集于孕期最后三个月和产后一个月。研究结果表明，强制性婴儿行为的数量确实会对向为人父母角色转变的难易程度以及父母双方对婴儿的认知产生影响。研究模型中的关系在母亲身上比在父亲身上得到了更好的支持，但大多数预测关系在父母双方身上都得到了支持。父亲经历的规范变化比母亲少，且转变更为轻松。另一方面，母亲报告的角色能力自我认知更高。
