von Wright J M, Loikkanen P, Reijonen P
Br J Psychol. 1978 May;69(2):213-6. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1978.tb01650.x.
Recall of spatial location was studied with 5, 8, 12--13, and 17--18 year old subjects. Pictures of objects were shown one at a time in one of the four quadrants of a projection screen which was either blank (NF) or divided by a cross into four quadrants (F). The presence of the frame (F) did not affect item recall, but facilitated location recall more, the younger the subjects. Intentional learning of location was superior to incidental learning in the youngest but not in older children. The results are in agreement with Bryant's (1974) analysis of perceptual development which emphasizes the use of external spatial frames of reference in the encoding of attributes of visual objects in young children.
研究了5岁、8岁、12 - 13岁和17 - 18岁受试者对空间位置的记忆。在投影屏幕的四个象限之一中一次展示一张物体图片，投影屏幕要么是空白的（无框架，NF），要么被一个十字分成四个象限（有框架，F）。框架（F）的存在并不影响物体记忆，但对位置记忆的促进作用更大，受试者年龄越小，促进作用越明显。在最小的儿童中，有意学习位置优于偶然学习，但在年龄较大的儿童中并非如此。这些结果与布莱恩特（1974年）对感知发展的分析一致，该分析强调幼儿在视觉物体属性编码中使用外部空间参照框架。
