Basophil leukocytes and mast cells in the nose.

The aim of the present study has been to examine the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis, and the number, distribution and antigen-reactivity of basophilic cells. Blown nasal secretions, nasal washings, scrapings and excised specimens of nasal mucosa were collected and examined cytologically and histologically in both light and electron microscopes. Antigen-induced histamine release was also studied in these specimens. The results indicate that migration of basophilic cells (mainly basophil leukocytes in the nasal secretion and predominantly mast cells in the epithelium) to the mucosal surface is characteristic for allergy and that the total number and the histamine content of these cells are sufficient to produce the nasal manifestation of allergy. In conclusion, this study provides evidence supporting our concept of the mechanism of nasal allergy, i.e., that allergic reaction to inhaled allergens is initiated on the mucosal surface, and not in the lamina propria.