Yonezawa T
Acta Neuropathol Suppl. 1983;9:47-58. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_6.
Demyelinating agents in demyelinating diseases have been analysed using organoid cultures of the nervous tissue. The agents can be classified into humoral and cellular factors. Humoral factor is complement C3 dependent IgG antibody against glycolipids, such as galactocerebroside, sulfatide and ganglioside. Antigenicity of these glycolipids seems to be species specific. Other than rabbits, vulnerability seems to be low. Demyelinating pattern in vitro produced by application of antisera and patient sera are characterized by enhancement of activities of the macrophages. Adhesion of activated cells to myelin, penetration, loosening, splitting and vesicular dissolution of myelin lamellae are characteristic features. Hapten antigen described above also induces myelination inhibiting antibody, which interferes with in vitro myelination. Cellular factors are characterized by lymphotoxic effects and activation of macrophages. These alterations are identical to those by lymphokines liberated from T lymphocytes. Effects of humoral factors can be seen only in limited animal species, whereas cellular factors affect overall animals, suggesting the cellular factors play the major role in the processes of demyelination.
已利用神经组织类器官培养物对脱髓鞘疾病中的脱髓鞘因子进行了分析。这些因子可分为体液因子和细胞因子。体液因子是针对糖脂（如半乳糖脑苷脂、硫脂和神经节苷脂）的补体C3依赖性IgG抗体。这些糖脂的抗原性似乎具有物种特异性。除兔子外，其他物种的易感性似乎较低。应用抗血清和患者血清在体外产生的脱髓鞘模式的特征是巨噬细胞活性增强。活化细胞与髓磷脂的粘附、穿透、髓磷脂片层的疏松、分裂和泡状溶解是其特征。上述半抗原也诱导抑制髓鞘形成的抗体，该抗体干扰体外髓鞘形成。细胞因子的特征是具有淋巴细胞毒性作用和巨噬细胞活化。这些改变与T淋巴细胞释放的淋巴因子所引起的改变相同。体液因子的作用仅在有限的动物物种中可见，而细胞因子影响所有动物，这表明细胞因子在脱髓鞘过程中起主要作用。
