Saida T, Saida K, Silberberg D H, Brown M J
Ann Neurol. 1981;9 Suppl:87-101. doi: 10.1002/ana.410090714.
Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), an animal model of human demyelinative neuritis, was induced by sensitization with galactocerebroside, a glycolipid hapten common in central and peripheral nervous system myelin. Between two months and one year after the initial sensitization, 11 of 24 rabbits immunized repeatedly with bovine brain galactocerebroside (GC) in complete Freund's adjuvant developed a neurological disorder manifested by flaccid quadriparesis, limb hypesthesia, and respiratory paralysis. Seventeen of 20 autopsied rabbits, including all those with clinical illness, had small multiple perivascular foci of demyelinative lesions in roots, dorsal root ganglia, proximal peripheral nerves adjacent to ganglia, and, less frequently, in distal nerves. No change was found in the central nervous system. Demyelination started around venules, with splitting and vesiculation of the outer myelin sheaths of adjacent fibers, and later progressed to form confluent lesions. The lesions were associated with infiltration of phagocytic mononuclear cells, mostly macrophages, which insinuated themselves between myelin lamellae, phagocytized myelin, and subsequently denuded axons. Perivenular infiltration of small lymphocytes, comparable to that seen in whole nerve- induced EAN, was not encountered. The distribution of demyelinative lesions seems to correspond to areas known to have a defective blood-nerve barrier.
实验性变应性神经炎（EAN）是人类脱髓鞘性神经炎的动物模型，由用半乳糖脑苷脂致敏诱发，半乳糖脑苷脂是一种在中枢和外周神经系统髓鞘中常见的糖脂半抗原。在初次致敏后2个月至1年期间，24只在完全弗氏佐剂中反复用牛脑半乳糖脑苷脂（GC）免疫的兔子中有11只出现了以弛缓性四肢瘫、肢体感觉减退和呼吸麻痹为表现的神经功能障碍。20只进行尸检的兔子中有17只，包括所有有临床疾病的兔子，在神经根、背根神经节、神经节附近的近端外周神经以及较少见的远端神经中出现了多个小的血管周围脱髓鞘病灶。中枢神经系统未发现变化。脱髓鞘始于小静脉周围，相邻纤维的髓鞘外层出现分裂和水泡形成，随后发展为融合性病灶。这些病灶与吞噬性单核细胞浸润有关，主要是巨噬细胞，它们潜入髓鞘板层之间，吞噬髓鞘，随后使轴突裸露。未遇到与全神经诱导的EAN中所见类似的小淋巴细胞血管周围浸润。脱髓鞘病灶的分布似乎与已知血神经屏障有缺陷的区域相对应。
