de Vis H, De Boever J A, van Cauwenberghe P
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1984 Jun;12(3):203-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01440.x.
In this epidemiologic survey 510 children aged 3-6 yr were investigated. Several occlusal and functional parameters were measured: the maximal interincisal distance, the frequency of lateral and frontal crossbite, open bite, the number of tooth contacts on lateral excursions of 3 mm, the wear facets, deviations in opening, pain in muscles and in the TM-joints, TMJ sounds, parafunctional habits. The interincisal distance varied between 25 and 55 mm. This distance increased with age. Only five children had a hypermobility of the mandible (opening more than 55 mm) and 11 a restricted opening movement (less than 30 mm). 7.2% showed a lateral crossbite on the right, and 8.9% on the left, side. The percentage of an open bite decreased with age from 66.7% in the 3-yr-olds to 20.0% in the 6-yr-olds. 33% of the children had only one contact on the working side. As reported by the parents 7.7% had regularly bruxism but 21.8% showed wear facets on the molars and 40.7% on the front teeth. Only in three girls were the TMJ painful to palpation. Dysfunction only occurred in 3.5% of the sample.
在这项流行病学调查中，对510名3至6岁的儿童进行了调查。测量了几个咬合和功能参数：最大切牙间距离、侧方和前方反咬合、开咬合的频率、3毫米侧方运动时的牙齿接触数、磨损小平面、开口偏差、肌肉和颞下颌关节疼痛、颞下颌关节弹响、副功能习惯。切牙间距离在25至55毫米之间变化。这个距离随年龄增加。只有5名儿童有下颌活动度过大（开口超过55毫米），11名儿童有开口受限运动（小于30毫米）。7.2%的儿童右侧出现侧方反咬合，左侧为8.9%。开咬合的百分比随年龄从3岁儿童的66.7%降至6岁儿童的20.0%。33%的儿童工作侧只有一个接触点。据家长报告，7.7%的儿童有习惯性磨牙，但21.8%的儿童磨牙有磨损小平面，40.7%的儿童前牙有磨损小平面。只有3名女孩的颞下颌关节触诊时疼痛。功能障碍仅在3.5%的样本中出现。
