Structural cardiovascular abnormalities presenting as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.

Among the many causes of PPHN may be numbered several cardiovascular malformations. This article introduces the concept of PPHN due to congenital heart disease, illustrates each of the five categories of congenital heart disease that present as PPHN, and outlines noninvasive approaches for diagnosis of congenital heart disease in infants with PPHN.