Vargervik K, Miller A J, Chierici G, Harvold E, Tomer B S
Am J Orthod. 1984 Feb;85(2):115-24. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(84)90003-4.
The present experiment was designed to test whether specific recordable changes in the neuromuscular system could be associated with specific alterations in soft- and hard-tissue morphology in the craniofacial region. The effect of experimentally induced neuromuscular changes on the craniofacial skeleton and dentition of eight rhesus monkeys was studied. The neuromuscular changes were triggered by complete nasal airway obstruction and the need for an oral airway. Alterations were also triggered 2 years later by removal of the obstruction and the return to nasal breathing. Changes in neuromuscular recruitment patterns resulted in changed function and posture of the mandible, tongue, and upper lip. There was considerable variation among the animals. Statistically significant morphologic effects of the induced changes were documented in several of the measured variables after the 2-year experimental period. The anterior face height increased more in the experimental animals than in the control animals; the occlusal and mandibular plane angles measured to the sella-nasion line increased; and anterior crossbites and malposition of teeth occurred. During the postexperimental period some of these changes were reversed. Alterations in soft-tissue morphology were also observed during both experimental periods. There was considerable variation in morphologic response among the animals. It was concluded that the marked individual variations in skeletal morphology and dentition resulting from the procedures were due to the variation in nature and degree of neuromuscular and soft-tissue adaptations in response to the altered function. The recorded neuromuscular recruitment patterns could not be directly related to specific changes in morphology.
本实验旨在测试神经肌肉系统中特定的可记录变化是否与颅面区域软硬组织形态的特定改变相关。研究了实验诱导的神经肌肉变化对八只恒河猴颅面骨骼和牙列的影响。神经肌肉变化由完全鼻气道阻塞及对口腔气道的需求引发。两年后，阻塞解除并恢复鼻呼吸，同样引发了改变。神经肌肉募集模式的变化导致下颌、舌头和上唇的功能及姿势改变。动物之间存在相当大的差异。在为期两年的实验期后，在多个测量变量中记录到了诱导变化的统计学显著形态学效应。实验动物的前面部高度增加幅度大于对照动物；相对于蝶鞍-鼻根线测量的咬合平面角和下颌平面角增大；出现了前牙反合和牙齿错位。在实验后期，其中一些变化得到了逆转。在两个实验期内均观察到了软组织形态的改变。动物之间的形态学反应存在相当大的差异。得出的结论是，这些操作导致的骨骼形态和牙列的明显个体差异是由于神经肌肉和软组织对功能改变的适应性质和程度的差异所致。记录的神经肌肉募集模式与形态学的特定变化没有直接关系。
