Zuckerman H S
J Med Educ. 1978 Jun;53(6):453-63. doi: 10.1097/00001888-197806000-00001.
This study was concerned with the role of structural factors in influencing medical career outcomes. These factors were viewed as an interrelated network of institutions, linked in particular patterns, leading to alternative career outcomes. A conceptual model was developed to represent the expected, predominant routes to different career outcomes. Analysis of data gleaned from the Association of American Medical College's Longitudinal Study revealed neither the expected patterns nor distinctive, alternative patterns. Thus, the notion that medical education is a rigidly structured system, consisting of a few, relatively fixed patterns leading to different career outcomes, was not supported. However, further analysis indicated evidence of stratification among structural factors in the medical education system which serves to influence access to career pathways.
本研究关注结构因素在影响医学职业结果方面的作用。这些因素被视为一个相互关联的机构网络，以特定模式相互连接，导致不同的职业结果。开发了一个概念模型来表示通往不同职业结果的预期主要途径。对从美国医学院协会纵向研究中收集的数据进行分析后发现，既没有预期的模式，也没有独特的替代模式。因此，医学教育是一个结构严格的系统，由少数相对固定的模式导致不同职业结果的观点没有得到支持。然而，进一步分析表明，医学教育系统中的结构因素存在分层迹象，这会影响职业途径的获取。
