Yager T, Laufer R, Gallops M
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Apr;41(4):327-33. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790150017003.
A national sample of men who were of military age during the Vietnam War (n = 1,342) was interviewed six to 15 years after veterans in the sample had left the service. Our findings showed that violent experiences in war were associated with a variety of behavioral and emotional problems. When preservice background factors were statistically controlled, combat exposure showed an association with arrests and convictions (generally for nonviolent offenses), with drinking, and with symptoms of traumatic stress. Participants in atrocities reported more stress symptoms and greater use of heroin and marijuana than did other veterans. Veterans who experienced no combat and did not take part in atrocities, however, did not differ appreciably from nonveterans. Not all men who experienced combat or took part in atrocities reported personal difficulties; almost three fourths of heavy-combat veterans were not arrested after the service. Tape recorded responses of the ten blacks and 18 whites who took part in atrocities suggested that soldiers' emotional responses may have been determined by their ability or inability to dehumanize the victims. Future research would benefit from a closer coordination of clinical and epidemiologic approaches.
对在越南战争期间达到服役年龄的男性进行全国抽样（n = 1342），在样本中的退伍军人离开军队6至15年后对他们进行了访谈。我们的研究结果表明，战争中的暴力经历与各种行为和情绪问题有关。在对入伍前背景因素进行统计学控制后，作战经历显示与被捕和定罪（通常是非暴力犯罪）、饮酒以及创伤应激症状有关。参与暴行的参与者比其他退伍军人报告了更多的应激症状，以及更多地使用海洛因和大麻。然而，没有经历过战斗且未参与暴行的退伍军人与非退伍军人之间没有明显差异。并非所有经历过战斗或参与过暴行的男性都报告有个人困难；几乎四分之三经历过激烈战斗的退伍军人在退伍后未被逮捕。对参与暴行的10名黑人和18名白人的录音回答表明，士兵的情绪反应可能取决于他们是否有能力将受害者不当人看。未来的研究将受益于临床和流行病学方法的更紧密协调。
