Thompson H S, Zackon D H, Czarnecki J S
Am J Ophthalmol. 1983 Oct;96(4):467-77. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)77910-3.
Segmental spasms of the iris dilator muscle produce intermittent pupillary distortion. A study of 26 case histories (six previously reported and 19 reported for the first time) showed that the episodes are brief (lasting less than five minutes in 23 of 26 patients, less than two minutes in 18 patients, and less than one minute in eight patients) but can occur several times a day. The patients ranged in age from 24 to 48 years (the age of one patient was not known); five were men and 21 were women. Eleven patients had Horner's syndrome, four had Adie's tonic pupil, and eight had definite or probable migraine (another three had possible migraine). The episodes eventually stopped, leaving no serious sequelae. Focal application of phenylephrine produced a similar distortion in a normal human eye.
虹膜开大肌的节段性痉挛会导致间歇性瞳孔变形。一项对26例病例（6例先前已报道，19例首次报道）的研究表明，发作时间短暂（26例患者中有23例持续时间少于5分钟，18例少于2分钟，8例少于1分钟），但一天内可能发作数次。患者年龄在24至48岁之间（1例患者年龄不详）；5例为男性，21例为女性。11例患者患有霍纳综合征，4例患有阿-罗氏强直性瞳孔，8例患有明确或可能的偏头痛（另外3例可能患有偏头痛）。发作最终停止，未留下严重后遗症。在正常人眼中局部应用去氧肾上腺素也会产生类似的变形。
