Anderson R A, Willis B R, Oswald C, Zaneveld L J
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983;18 Suppl 1:305-10. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90191-0.
While endocrinological effects of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion have been extensively reviewed, a survey of ethanol induced functional and physical perturbations of the male reproductive tract remains lacking. A brief overview of recent literature concerned with ethanol sensitivity of various components of the reproductive tract is presented. Clinical findings are reviewed as they relate to the possible pathogenesis of alcohol-related testicular atrophy. Currently available animal models for the study of ethanol-induced male reproductive failure are discussed. Attempts have been made to separate the contribution of ethanol per se from secondary factors, such as hepatic dysfunction and nutritional deficiency, to manifestations of male infertility. Studies directed toward elucidating the mechanism(s) by which ethanol exerts its inhibitory effect on testicular steroidogenesis are discussed. Finally, evidence suggesting an effect of ethanol on the functional integrity of other components of the reproductive tract is reviewed. It is concluded that ethanol is a male reproductive tract toxin. Future clinical studies of alcoholics afflicted with testicular atrophy, but having normal liver histology, will be of great value in efforts to identify the mechanisms by which chronic ethanol ingestion results in reproductive impairment. Similar benefits will be realized in laboratory experimentation, in which models are employed that describe ethanol-induced infertility, while minimizing nutritional factors and hepatic involvement, and control for the reproductive maturity of the organism.
虽然急性和慢性摄入乙醇的内分泌学效应已得到广泛综述，但乙醇对男性生殖道功能和生理扰动的研究仍较为缺乏。本文简要概述了近期有关生殖道各组成部分乙醇敏感性的文献。对与酒精相关睾丸萎缩可能发病机制相关的临床研究结果进行了综述。讨论了目前用于研究乙醇诱导男性生殖功能衰竭的动物模型。已尝试区分乙醇本身与诸如肝功能障碍和营养缺乏等次要因素对男性不育表现的影响。讨论了旨在阐明乙醇对睾丸类固醇生成产生抑制作用机制的研究。最后，综述了表明乙醇对生殖道其他组成部分功能完整性有影响的证据。得出的结论是乙醇是一种男性生殖道毒素。未来针对患有睾丸萎缩但肝脏组织学正常的酗酒者进行的临床研究，对于确定慢性摄入乙醇导致生殖功能受损的机制将具有重要价值。在实验室实验中也将实现类似的益处，即采用描述乙醇诱导不育的模型，同时尽量减少营养因素和肝脏影响，并控制生物体的生殖成熟度。
