Fergusson D M, Horwood L J
Soc Sci Med. 1983;17(17):1223-7. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(83)90015-1.
The relationship between the planning of pregnancy and subsequent childhood childhood disadvantage in the areas of health, education and family conditions was studied prospectively to the age of 3 years in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Unplanned children showed a systematic pattern of disadvantage in nearly all areas studied. However, multivariate analysis suggested that the apparent association between the planning of pregnancy and subsequent childhood disadvantage arose largely from a series of social and contextual factors associated with pregnancy planning practices. In particular, unplanned children tended to come from socially disadvantaged home backgrounds and these backgrounds were independently associated with an increased risk of childhood disadvantage. Further, a disproportionate number of unplanned children were ex-nuptial and the levels of disadvantage experienced of these children tended to reflect more their ex-nuptial status than the direct effects of failure to plan the pregnancy. It is concluded that when the effects of maternal social background and the nuptial status of the child are taken into account, the effects of planning of pregnancy on levels of childhood disadvantage for this birth cohort were almost negligible.
在新西兰儿童出生队列中，对妊娠计划与随后儿童在健康、教育和家庭条件方面的劣势之间的关系进行了前瞻性研究，直至儿童3岁。意外怀孕出生的儿童在几乎所有研究领域都呈现出系统性的劣势模式。然而，多变量分析表明，妊娠计划与随后儿童劣势之间的明显关联很大程度上源于一系列与妊娠计划行为相关的社会和背景因素。特别是，意外怀孕出生的儿童往往来自社会经济地位不利的家庭背景，而这些背景与儿童处于劣势的风险增加独立相关。此外，意外怀孕出生的儿童中非婚生子女的比例过高，这些儿童所经历的劣势程度往往更多地反映了他们的非婚生身份，而非未计划怀孕的直接影响。研究得出结论，当考虑到母亲的社会背景和孩子的婚姻状况的影响时，妊娠计划对该出生队列儿童劣势水平的影响几乎可以忽略不计。
