Kost K, Landry D J, Darroch J E
The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY 10005, USA.
Fam Plann Perspect. 1998 Sep-Oct;30(5):223-30.
The planning status of a pregnancy may affect a woman's prenatal behaviors and the health of her newborn. However, whether this effect is independent or is attributable to socioeconomic and demographic factors has not been explored using nationally representative data.
Data were obtained on 9,122 births reported in the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey and 2,548 births reported in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the effects of planning status on the odds of a negative birth outcome (premature delivery, low-birth-weight infant or infant who is small for gestational age), early well-baby care and breastfeeding.
The proportion of infants born with a health disadvantage is significantly lower if the pregnancy was intended than if it was mistimed or not wanted; the proportions who receive well-baby care by age three months and who are ever breastfed are highest if the pregnancy was intended. In analyses controlling for the mother's background characteristics, however, a mistimed pregnancy has no significant effect on any of these outcomes. An unwanted pregnancy increases the likelihood that the infant's health will be compromised (odds ratio, 1.3), but the association is no longer significant when the mother's prenatal behaviors are also taken into account. Unwanted pregnancy has no independent effect on the likelihood of well-baby care, but it reduces the odds of breastfeeding (0.6).
Knowing the planning status of a pregnancy can help identify women who may need support to engage in prenatal behaviors that are associated with healthy outcomes and appropriate infant care.
怀孕的计划状态可能会影响女性的产前行为及其新生儿的健康。然而，使用具有全国代表性的数据尚未探究这种影响是独立存在还是可归因于社会经济和人口因素。
获取了1988年全国母婴健康调查中报告的9122例分娩数据以及1988年全国家庭成长调查中报告的2548例分娩数据。采用多重逻辑回归分析来研究计划状态对不良出生结局（早产、低体重儿或小于胎龄儿）、早期婴儿健康护理和母乳喂养几率的影响。
如果怀孕是有计划的，出生时存在健康劣势的婴儿比例显著低于怀孕时机不当或意外怀孕的情况；如果怀孕是有计划的，三个月龄前接受婴儿健康护理以及曾进行母乳喂养的婴儿比例最高。然而，在控制了母亲的背景特征的分析中，怀孕时机不当对这些结局均无显著影响。意外怀孕会增加婴儿健康受损的可能性（优势比为1.3），但在考虑母亲的产前行为时，这种关联不再显著。意外怀孕对婴儿健康护理的可能性没有独立影响，但会降低母乳喂养的几率（0.6）。
了解怀孕的计划状态有助于识别可能需要支持以采取与健康结局和适当婴儿护理相关的产前行为的女性。
