Arthur S R, Kornegay E T, Thomas H R, Veit H P, Notter D R, Barczewski R A
J Anim Sci. 1983 Apr;56(4):876-86. doi: 10.2527/jas1983.564876x.
Gilts that had previously been fed ad libitum or 75% ad libitum intake and 100 or 150% National Research Council recommended daily Ca and P from weaning to 100 kg were used in a reproductive study in which a 14% protein diet was fed. Foot and leg measurements, subjective toe scores and structural soundness scores were taken at each of three parities, 21 d postweaning. Sows previously ad libitum-fed generally had larger front toes than limit-fed sows; whereas, hind toes were larger for sows previously fed 150% Ca and P levels than sows fed 100% Ca and P. Sows previously fed the ad libitum-150% Ca and P diet had the largest toes. Front inside toes were larger than hind inside toes, but the reverse was observed for front and hind outside toes, with the magnitude of the difference between the inside and outside toes greater for the hind foot. Toe size increased over parities with the greatest increase from parity 2 to 3. Incidence and severity of toe pad and horn scores were generally unaffected by previously fed energy and Ca and P levels and were not correlated to toe size. Hind feet exhibited a larger number of lesions than front feet and outside toes exhibited a larger number of lesions than inside toes, with the hind outside toe exhibiting the greatest number of lesions. In general, incidence and severity of toe lesions decreased or were unchanged from parity 1 to 3. Structural soundness scores were unaffected by previously fed energy or Ca and P levels, but were quadratically affected by parity, with a small increase (poorer) from parity 1 to 2 and a large improvement from parity 2 to 3. Soundness scores were not related to any of the feet or leg measurements and characteristics. Restricting growth rate and feeding elevated Ca and P levels during growth had no effect on incidence and severity of lesions on the toes and overall structural soundness of sows kept for three parities.
在一项繁殖研究中，使用了此前一直自由采食或按自由采食量的75%采食、且从断奶至体重达100千克期间摄入的钙和磷分别为美国国家研究委员会推荐量的100%或150%的后备母猪，研究中饲喂的是含14%蛋白质的日粮。在三个胎次的每一个胎次断奶后21天，都对蹄部和腿部进行了测量，并给出主观的趾部评分和结构健全性评分。此前自由采食的母猪，其前蹄趾通常比限饲的母猪更大；而此前采食150%钙和磷水平的母猪，其后蹄趾比采食100%钙和磷水平的母猪更大。此前采食自由采食-150%钙和磷日粮的母猪，其蹄趾最大。前内侧蹄趾比后内侧蹄趾大，但前外侧和后外侧蹄趾的情况则相反，后蹄内外侧蹄趾之间的差异幅度更大。蹄趾大小随胎次增加，从第2胎到第3胎增加幅度最大。趾垫和蹄角质评分的发生率和严重程度，一般不受此前采食的能量以及钙和磷水平的影响，且与蹄趾大小无关。后蹄出现的损伤比前蹄多，外侧蹄趾出现的损伤比内侧蹄趾多，后外侧蹄趾出现的损伤数量最多。总体而言，从第1胎到第3胎，趾部损伤的发生率和严重程度降低或保持不变。结构健全性评分不受此前采食的能量或钙和磷水平的影响，但受胎次的二次效应影响，从第1胎到第2胎略有增加（变差），从第2胎到第3胎有大幅改善。健全性评分与任何蹄部或腿部的测量值及特征均无关。在生长期间限制生长速度并饲喂高钙和高磷日粮，对留作三个胎次的母猪的趾部损伤发生率和严重程度以及整体结构健全性没有影响。
