Borke R C
J Neurocytol. 1983 Oct;12(5):873-83. doi: 10.1007/BF01258157.
The intrasomatic reactions to different types of peripheral nerve injury during postnatal maturation were investigated by light and electron microscopy. The hypoglossal nerve was crushed in 7 day postnatal (dpn) rats and crushed, ligated or transected in 10 and 21 day rats. Survival intervals ranged from 3 to 40 days postoperative (dpo). Normal and sham operated rats of corresponding ages served as controls. The initial intrasomatic reactions in young (7-10 dpn) rats were identical after each type of nerve injury. These reactions involved the nucleus and the perinuclear cytoplasm: severe nuclear eccentricity and elaborate infoldings of the nuclear membrane were seen. The processes of cytoplasm indenting the nuclear membrane were intensely basophilic and contained numerous polyribosomes and cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The formation of organized RER was not disrupted after axonal injury. Disorganization, fragmentation and degranulation of the cisterns were not apparent until 13-20 dpo. Comparable nerve injuries to older (21 dpn) rats produced structural alterations of the same organelles. However, the initial intrasomatic response involved the organized RER and the extent of the changes was directly related to the severity of nerve injury. Nuclear changes occurred later and only after nerve ligation and transection. Therefore, two major differences characterized the intrasomatic reactions to axonal injury in young and older motoneurons. The timetable of involvement of two organelles, the nucleus and the organized RER, was reversed in the sequence of intrasomatic reactions after axonal damage during successive periods of postnatal development. The magnitude of intrasomatic reactions to different types of nerve injury was age-dependent.
通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜研究了出生后成熟过程中对不同类型周围神经损伤的躯体内部反应。在出生后7天（dpn）的大鼠中压迫舌下神经，并在出生后10天和21天的大鼠中进行压迫、结扎或横断。存活时间范围为术后3至40天（dpo）。相应年龄的正常和假手术大鼠作为对照。在每种类型的神经损伤后，幼龄（7 - 10 dpn）大鼠最初的躯体内部反应是相同的。这些反应涉及细胞核和核周细胞质：可见严重的核偏心和核膜的复杂折叠。细胞质压迫核膜的过程呈强嗜碱性，含有大量多核糖体和粗面内质网（RER）池。轴突损伤后有组织的RER的形成未被破坏。直到术后13 - 20天，池的紊乱、碎片化和脱颗粒才明显。对老龄（21 dpn）大鼠进行类似的神经损伤会导致相同细胞器的结构改变。然而，最初的躯体内部反应涉及有组织的RER，且变化程度与神经损伤的严重程度直接相关。核变化出现较晚，且仅在神经结扎和横断后出现。因此，幼龄和老龄运动神经元对轴突损伤的躯体内部反应有两个主要差异。在出生后发育的连续阶段，轴突损伤后躯体内部反应序列中，细胞核和有组织的RER这两种细胞器受累的时间表是相反的。对不同类型神经损伤的躯体内部反应程度与年龄有关。
