Rudin E, Zimmerman R
West J Med. 1978 May;128(5):459-66.
The California legislature enacted tight constraints on the use of psychosurgery and electroconvulsive therapy in 1974. In April 1976 a State Court of Appeals declared part of the law to be unconstitutional. In doing so, the court enunciated several principles for regulating medical procedures. It affirmed the inherent police powers which permit the state to safeguard the public, especially incompetent, involuntary or confined persons, with respect to intrusive and hazardous medical procedures and to procedures which affect thought or feeling. Although limited to legislation concerning two psychiatric procedures, the court's decision, and subsequently enacted legislation governing these procedures, has implications for other medical procedures and for other parts of the nation.
1974年，加利福尼亚州立法机构对精神外科手术和电休克疗法的使用实施了严格限制。1976年4月，一家州上诉法院宣布该法律的部分内容违宪。在此过程中，法院阐明了几项规范医疗程序的原则。它确认了固有的治安权，这些权力允许国家在侵入性和危险性医疗程序以及影响思想或情感的程序方面保护公众，特别是无行为能力、非自愿或被监禁的人。尽管仅限于有关两种精神科程序的立法，但法院的裁决以及随后颁布的管理这些程序的立法，对其他医疗程序和美国其他地区都有影响。
