Truniger B, Banz I
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1983 Nov 5;113(44):1602-8.
The clinical and pathophysiological significance and epidemiology of magnesium and phosphorus excess and deficit are discussed. In daily routine both ions largely remain "the forgotten electrolytes". With both elements deficits are clinically more important than excesses. Dietary intake, gastrointestinal and renal losses, shifts between intra- and extracellular fluid and sequestration within the extracellular compartment are the essential factors which determine body stores and the extracellular concentration of the electrolyte. The clinical signs of excess and deficit often lack specificity and - in the case of phosphorus deficiency - involve almost any organ. Since treatment of deficits is easy and success is rapid and involves virtually no risk a timely diagnosis is all the more important but often requires a high index of suspicion.
本文讨论了镁和磷过量与缺乏的临床及病理生理意义和流行病学。在日常临床工作中，这两种离子很大程度上仍是“被遗忘的电解质”。就这两种元素而言，缺乏在临床上比过量更为重要。饮食摄入、胃肠道和肾脏的丢失、细胞内外液之间的转移以及细胞外间隙的隔离是决定身体储备和电解质细胞外浓度的关键因素。过量和缺乏的临床症状往往缺乏特异性，并且在磷缺乏的情况下，几乎累及任何器官。由于缺乏的治疗简单，见效迅速且几乎没有风险，因此及时诊断尤为重要，但往往需要高度的怀疑指数。
