Henningfield J E, Goldberg S R
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983 Dec;19(6):989-92. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(83)90405-7.
Results are summarized from 17 studies in which intravenous nicotine was evaluated in self-administration paradigms. Six species, ranging from the albino rat to the human, have been tested under a variety of schedules of reinforcement, and as a function of several pharmacologic manipulations. Under certain environmental conditions, it is clear that nicotine can serve as a reinforcer. However, nicotine differs from many other drugs of abuse in that the range of environmental conditions under which it serves as a reinforcer appears to be more restricted.
结果总结自17项在自我给药范式中评估静脉注射尼古丁的研究。从白化大鼠到人类的6个物种，已在各种强化程序下以及作为几种药理学操作的函数进行了测试。在某些环境条件下，很明显尼古丁可以作为一种强化物。然而，尼古丁与许多其他滥用药物不同，因为它作为强化物的环境条件范围似乎更受限制。
