Ponomareva E V
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1983 Oct;85(10):24-30.
Pyramidal, aspinous, sparsely-spinous bipolar and multipolar neurons of the rat sensomotor cerebral cortex, impregnated after Golgi method, have been studied at an electron microscopical level. The ultrastructural characteristics of the pyramidal neurons differs from that of the nonpyramidal cells. Distribution of various synaptic contacts on the cellular surface and cortical postsynaptic targets of the axonal arborizations of the neurons are revealed. On the body of the pyramidal cells only symmetrical synapses exist, on large dendritic trunks symmetrical synapses prevail, on the spines and the terminal dendritic branches assymetrical synapses mainly predominate. Axonal collateralies of the pyramidal cells form asymmetrical synapses on the spines, small and middle dendrites. There are more axo-somatic synapses on the bodies of the nonpyramidal neurons than on the pyramidal cells, among them both symmetrical and asymmetrical types of the synapses occur. On the trunks and small dendrites of the nonpyramidal cells both types of synaptic contacts are revealed. In the distal direction of the dendrites the number of the asymmetrical synapses becomes predominating. Axons of the bipolar cells form asymmetrical synapses on the spines, small and middle dendrites. Axons of the multipolar cells form symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and the dendritic trunks of the nondifferentiated cells. Differences in the distribution character of the synaptic inlets and various postsynaptic targets of the axonal systems in the cells assume various functional role of the identified neurons.
运用高尔基方法对大鼠感觉运动大脑皮层的锥体神经元、无棘神经元、稀疏有棘双极神经元和多极神经元进行了电子显微镜水平的研究。锥体神经元的超微结构特征与非锥体神经元不同。揭示了神经元轴突分支在细胞表面和皮层突触后靶点上各种突触联系的分布情况。在锥体细胞体上仅存在对称突触，在大的树突干上对称突触占主导，在棘突和树突末梢分支上主要是不对称突触占优势。锥体细胞的轴突侧支在棘突、小和中等树突上形成不对称突触。非锥体神经元细胞体上的轴体突触比锥体细胞上的更多，其中既有对称型突触也有不对称型突触。在非锥体细胞的树突干和小树突上都发现了两种类型的突触联系。在树突的远端方向，不对称突触的数量占主导。双极细胞的轴突在棘突、小和中等树突上形成不对称突触。多极细胞的轴突在未分化细胞的树突和树突干上形成对称突触。细胞中轴突系统的突触入口和各种突触后靶点的分布特征差异表明所鉴定神经元具有不同的功能作用。
