Wauer R R, Schmalisch G
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1983;161(3):306-18.
Disturbances of breathing mechanics may involve disturbances of ventilation as one cause of hypoxaemia. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of breathing mechanics has several diagnostical and therapeutical advantages, but their application in newborns, under conditions of spontaneous ventilation, is rendered more difficult by the missing co-operation of the newborns and by the missing of suitable measurement devices for a bedside measurement. The determination of parameters of breathing mechanics is based on the measurement of breathing flow rate (V), tidal volume (VT) and esophageal pressure (Pe). Bodyplethysmographs, face masks and nasal prongs can be used for the measurement of V and VT, however, face masks have the most methodological and technical advantages for the bedside application, moreover, they guarantee a very low injury of newborns. Until now the fluid-filled open catheter is used most frequently for the measurement of esophageal pressure, however, it will be replaced in future by the microtip pressure transducer (Tip-catheter), which offers fundamental advantages. In addition to these technical problems the complete clinical application of breathing mechanical investigations is rendered more difficult, because the standardization of the investigative conditions, the parameters and the proposals on evaluation techniques are absent until now.
呼吸力学紊乱可能涉及通气障碍，这是低氧血症的一个原因。呼吸力学的定性和定量分析具有若干诊断和治疗优势，但在新生儿自主通气的情况下，由于新生儿缺乏配合以及缺乏适合床边测量的设备，其应用变得更加困难。呼吸力学参数的测定基于呼吸流速（V）、潮气量（VT）和食管压力（Pe）的测量。体容积描记器、面罩和鼻夹可用于测量V和VT，然而，面罩在床边应用方面具有最多的方法学和技术优势，此外，它们能确保对新生儿的损伤非常小。到目前为止，充满液体的开放式导管最常用于食管压力的测量，然而，未来它将被微尖端压力传感器（尖端导管）取代，后者具有根本优势。除了这些技术问题外，呼吸力学检查的完整临床应用也变得更加困难，因为目前尚无检查条件、参数及评估技术建议的标准化。
