Hotopf W H, Hibberd M C, Brown S A
Perception. 1983;12(4):469-76. doi: 10.1068/p120469.
Measurements of the tilt illusion by parallelism matches have taken as their baseline data estimates of parallelism between two lines. This is because Carpenter and Blakemore and others found in this situation that parallel lines appeared to diverge at their upper ends. It was hypothesised that this effect was due to inappropriate constancy scaling-the parallel lines being interpreted as being located in a receding plane-and that consequently it was inappropriate to take this effect into account in assessing the degree of the tilt illusion. To test the theory, a horizontal line was compared with other horizontal and vertical lines lower down in the visual field. A tendency to underestimate the length of lines lower down in the visual field was found but this varied inversely with distance from the standard. The findings were accounted for on the assumption that the occurrence of inappropriate constancy scaling depended upon prior organization by contiguity which determined whether the two lines were taken as a group or not.
通过平行匹配来测量倾斜错觉时，是以两条线之间平行度的估计值作为基线数据的。这是因为卡彭特、布莱克莫尔等人在此种情况下发现，平行线在其上端似乎会发散。据推测，这种效应是由于不适当的恒常性缩放——平行线被解释为位于一个后退的平面中——因此在评估倾斜错觉的程度时考虑这种效应是不合适的。为了验证该理论，将一条水平线与视野中较低位置的其他水平和垂直线进行了比较。发现存在低估视野中较低位置线条长度的趋势，但这种趋势与到标准线的距离成反比。这些发现是基于这样一种假设来解释的，即不适当的恒常性缩放的出现取决于通过邻接性进行的先前组织，这种组织决定了两条线是否被视为一组。
