Sant'Ambrogio G, Mathew O P, Fisher J T, Sant'Ambrogio F B
Respir Physiol. 1983 Dec;54(3):317-30. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(83)90075-0.
The larynx has a rich sensory supply which is the main source of several respiratory reflexes. These reflexes, that influence both the patency of the upper airway and the pattern of breathing, are related to transmural pressure and/or airflow in the upper airway. Yet hardly any information is available on the response of laryngeal mechanoreceptors to transmural pressure and airflow. We recorded action potentials from single fibers separated from the superior laryngeal nerve of anesthetized dogs, breathing spontaneously either through a tracheostomy or the upper airway. The airway could be occluded above or below the larynx. On the basis of their behavior during tracheostomy breathing, upper airway breathing, tracheal occlusion and upper airway occlusion, laryngeal mechanoreceptors were classified as pressure receptors, flow receptors or 'drive' receptors (stimulated by the respiratory activity of upper airway muscles). Pressure receptors were encountered most frequently, representing 63.6% of our sample of 110 receptors, 'drive' receptors constituted 21.8% and flow receptors the remaining 14.6%. Our findings indicate that, even though the three types of receptors differ in sensory modality, they concur in exhibiting a predominant activity during inspiration. In fact, 65% of all receptors are active during eupneic inspiration. Moreover, their activity increases markedly during upper airway obstruction.
喉有丰富的感觉神经支配，这是多种呼吸反射的主要来源。这些反射影响上呼吸道的通畅性和呼吸模式，与上呼吸道的跨壁压和/或气流有关。然而，关于喉机械感受器对跨壁压和气流的反应，几乎没有可用信息。我们记录了从麻醉犬喉上神经分离出的单根纤维的动作电位，这些犬通过气管造口术或上呼吸道自主呼吸。气道可在喉上方或下方阻塞。根据它们在气管造口术呼吸、上呼吸道呼吸、气管阻塞和上呼吸道阻塞期间的表现，喉机械感受器被分为压力感受器、流量感受器或“驱动”感受器（由上呼吸道肌肉的呼吸活动刺激）。压力感受器最常见，在我们的110个感受器样本中占63.6%，“驱动”感受器占21.8%，流量感受器占其余的14.6%。我们的研究结果表明，尽管这三种类型的感受器感觉方式不同，但它们在吸气期间都表现出主要活动。事实上，所有感受器中有65%在平静吸气时活跃。此外，在上呼吸道阻塞期间它们的活动明显增加。
