Selle C M, González de Mejía E, Elías L G, Bressani R
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1983 Dec;33(4):884-901.
Some chemical and nutritional characteristics of the rubber seed Hevea brasiliensis were studied. The protein content, its amino acid composition as well as the iron, calcium, phosphorus and cyanide (free and bound) concentrations, were determined in the dehulled seed. The effect of soaking, cooking, soaking-cooking and cooking-fat extraction procedure of the seed on the cyanide content and its in vivo protein utilization, was also evaluated. The protein quality was biologically assessed using the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The protein content of the seed was 18%, and the most limiting amino acid was threonine, with a chemical score of 71.6. The iron, calcium and phosphorus contents were 6.2, 109 and 429 mg/100 g, respectively. Its fat content was 48% with a total energy value of 702 kcal/100 g (2,948 Kj/100 g). The total cyanide content in the fresh seed was 130-230 mg/100 g; 6% was in the free form and 94% as bound cyanide. The most effective treatment for reducing the cyanide content was found to be 20 hours of soaking in water, combined with one hour of cooking. The raw seed had a low nutritive value and produced weight loss and death when fed to rats. The protein value, however, improved upon the seed treatment, reaching PER values close to those found in traditional cereals such as corn. It is therefore concluded that the seed of Hevea brasiliensis is a good source of energy, calcium, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. In contrast, it is a poor source of threonine, leucine and lysine. Its cyanide content is high, but when removed by treatment, such as soaking in water, cooking or fat extraction, the protein utilization can be improved.
对巴西橡胶树种子的一些化学和营养特性进行了研究。测定了去壳种子中的蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成以及铁、钙、磷和氰化物（游离和结合态）浓度。还评估了种子的浸泡、烹饪、浸泡-烹饪以及烹饪-脂肪提取过程对氰化物含量及其体内蛋白质利用率的影响。使用蛋白质效率比（PER）对蛋白质质量进行生物学评估。种子的蛋白质含量为18%，最具限制性的氨基酸是苏氨酸，化学评分为71.6。铁、钙和磷的含量分别为6.2、109和429毫克/100克。其脂肪含量为48%，总能量值为702千卡/100克（2948千焦/100克）。新鲜种子中的总氰化物含量为130 - 230毫克/100克；6%为游离形式，94%为结合态氰化物。发现降低氰化物含量最有效的处理方法是在水中浸泡20小时并结合1小时烹饪。生种子营养价值低，喂给大鼠时会导致体重减轻和死亡。然而，种子经过处理后蛋白质价值有所提高，PER值接近玉米等传统谷物中的值。因此得出结论，巴西橡胶树种子是能量、钙、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的良好来源。相比之下，它是苏氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的不良来源。其氰化物含量高，但通过浸泡、烹饪或脂肪提取等处理去除后，蛋白质利用率可以提高。
