Johnston G R, Stevens J B, Jessen C R, Osborne C A
Am J Vet Res. 1983 Jul;44(7):1248-56.
Urinary bladder lesions varying histologically from a focal hemorrhagic cystitis to a diffuse transmural fibrinonecrotic cystitis were encountered in 11 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Focal-to-diffuse hemorrhagic urethritis was histologically encountered in 14 of 14 dogs and cats euthanatized 1 day after retrograde urethrography. Lesions in the urinary bladder and urethra were not reversible within 14 days and were evident histologically in 10 of 15 urinary bladders and 11 of 15 urethras of dogs and cats euthanatized 14 days after retrograde urethrography. During urethrography, iatrogenic mural leakage of contrast media into the bladder wall or bladder wall rupture was encountered radiographically in 6 of 15 dogs and 3 of 14 cats. However, macroscopic evidence of bladder rupture was encountered in only 1 male dog at necropsy. Immediately after retrograde urethrography, macroscopic hematuria occurred in 12 of 15 dogs and 9 of 14 cats. Microscopic hematuria was not encountered in dogs or cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. Pyuria was encountered less frequently and was present in only 2 cats euthanatized 14 days after urethrography. One day after urethrography, urinary tract infection characterized by urine cultures with greater than 10(5) microbes/ml was encountered in 4 of 29 dogs and cats. All animals with urinary tract infection were female dogs or cats. At day 14, only 1 female cat had a positive urine culture. Seemingly, the technique of retrograde urethrography was the cause of the encountered lesions.
在逆行尿道造影术后1天实施安乐死的14只犬猫中，有11只出现了组织学表现各异的膀胱病变，从局灶性出血性膀胱炎到弥漫性透壁纤维蛋白坏死性膀胱炎。在逆行尿道造影术后1天实施安乐死的14只犬猫中，均出现了从局灶性到弥漫性的出血性尿道炎。膀胱和尿道的病变在14天内不可逆转，在逆行尿道造影术后14天实施安乐死的犬猫中，15个膀胱中有10个、15个尿道中有11个在组织学上有明显病变。在尿道造影过程中，15只犬中有6只、14只猫中有3只在影像学上出现医源性造影剂壁内渗漏至膀胱壁或膀胱壁破裂。然而，尸检时仅在1只雄犬中发现膀胱破裂的宏观证据。逆行尿道造影术后立即出现肉眼血尿的情况，在15只犬中有12只、14只猫中有9只出现。尿道造影术后14天实施安乐死的犬猫未出现镜下血尿。脓尿出现的频率较低，仅在尿道造影术后14天实施安乐死的2只猫中出现。尿道造影术后1天，29只犬猫中有4只出现以尿培养微生物数量大于10(5)/ml为特征的尿路感染。所有出现尿路感染的动物均为雌性犬或猫。在第14天，只有1只雌性猫尿培养呈阳性。似乎逆行尿道造影技术是导致所遇到病变的原因。
