Chen D Y, Longo F J
Dev Biol. 1983 Sep;99(1):217-24. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90270-1.
Investigations were carried out with fertilized Spisula solidissima eggs, in which changes in incorporated sperm nuclei were determined by measurement of the diameter of dispersing paternal chromatin. Results of such an analysis demonstrated that sperm nuclear dispersion does not proceed at a constant rate and consists of four phases (1-4), coordinate with major changes in the status of the maternal chromatin. (1) The first phase was a short lag period prior to germinal vesicle breakdown in which the size of the sperm nucleus increased only slightly. (2) This was followed by a rapid dispersion of the sperm nucleus coordinate with germinal vesicle breakdown. With the development of the first meiotic spindle, sperm chromatin dispersion slowed dramatically; this phase (3) lasted until the completion of the meiotic divisions at which time the sperm chromatin underwent a second rapid increase in size (4) that was correlated with development of the female pronucleus. When zygotes were treated with agents that inhibited germinal vesicle breakdown (verapamil, sodium-free seawater, and chloroquine), sperm nuclear dispersion did not occur. Evidence is presented indicating that nucleocytoplasmic interactions coincident with germinal vesicle breakdown induce sperm nuclear dispersion in Spisula zygotes.
对受精的硬壳蛤卵进行了研究，通过测量分散的父本染色质的直径来确定摄入的精子核的变化。这种分析结果表明，精子核的分散并非以恒定速率进行，而是由四个阶段（1 - 4）组成，这与母本染色质状态的主要变化相对应。（1）第一阶段是在生发泡破裂之前的短暂延迟期，在此期间精子核的大小仅略有增加。（2）随后是与生发泡破裂同时发生的精子核快速分散。随着第一次减数分裂纺锤体的发育，精子染色质分散显著减缓；这个阶段（3）持续到减数分裂完成，此时精子染色质大小经历第二次快速增加（4），这与雌性原核的发育相关。当用抑制生发泡破裂的试剂（维拉帕米、无钠海水和氯喹）处理合子时，精子核分散并未发生。有证据表明，与生发泡破裂同时发生的核质相互作用会诱导硬壳蛤合子中的精子核分散。
