Rasio E, Bendayan M
Diabete Metab. 1978 Mar;4(1):57-62.
Glucose is the major energetic substrate of blood capillary endothelium; aerobic glycolysis is quantitatively the most important pathway. Insulin has no direct effect on glucose utilization. The glucokinase activity of the capillary endothelium is undetectable and the plasma cell membrane is freely permeable to glucose. All pathways of glucose utilization are stimulated by a high ambient glucose concentration: intracellular sorbitol accumulation and glucose-carbon incorporation into basement membrane collagen are most sensitive to the glucose effect. During chronic hyperglycemia, the amino acid composition of the basement membrane is modified and its capacity to incorporate glucose is enhanced. The glucose induced alterations of the blood capillary metabolism may contribute to the development of the diabetic microangiopathy.
葡萄糖是毛细血管内皮细胞的主要能量底物；有氧糖酵解在数量上是最重要的途径。胰岛素对葡萄糖利用没有直接影响。毛细血管内皮细胞的葡萄糖激酶活性无法检测到，且质膜对葡萄糖自由通透。高环境葡萄糖浓度可刺激葡萄糖利用的所有途径：细胞内山梨醇积累和葡萄糖碳掺入基底膜胶原蛋白对葡萄糖效应最为敏感。在慢性高血糖期间，基底膜的氨基酸组成发生改变，其掺入葡萄糖的能力增强。葡萄糖诱导的毛细血管代谢改变可能有助于糖尿病微血管病变的发展。
