Watson C G, Kucala T, Tilleskjor C, Jacobs L
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Jan;41(1):85-90. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790120089011.
Previous research has indicated that schizophrenics are particularly likely to have been born during the winter months. In the present investigation, we studied the relationships of this birth-seasonality effect to year-to-year variations in the incidences of eight seasonal diseases and climatological temperature extremes in 3,246 schizophrenics. The winter birth-seasonality effect was greater in the years directly following those marked by high levels of infectious disorders than in years directly following those with low incidences of these diseases. Winter diseases (particularly diphtheria, pneumonia, and influenza) appeared to be more involved than others. These effects appeared among unmarried (presumably severe) schizophrenics but not among married patients, suggesting that the relationship is specific to process schizophrenia. The fact that most of the significant and near-significant relationships paired strength of birth seasonality to previous-year disease incidences suggested a prenatal rather than postnatal effect. Birth seasonality did not vary with winter or summer temperature extremes.
先前的研究表明，精神分裂症患者尤其可能在冬季出生。在本次调查中，我们研究了这种出生季节性效应与3246名精神分裂症患者中八种季节性疾病发病率和极端气候温度逐年变化之间的关系。在传染病高发年份之后的那些年份里，冬季出生季节性效应比传染病低发年份之后的那些年份里更大。冬季疾病（尤其是白喉、肺炎和流感）似乎比其他疾病的影响更大。这些效应出现在未婚（可能病情较重）的精神分裂症患者中，而在已婚患者中则未出现，这表明这种关系特定于病程性精神分裂症。大多数显著和接近显著的关系将出生季节性强度与上一年的疾病发病率配对，这一事实表明是产前而非产后效应。出生季节性与冬季或夏季的极端温度并无变化关系。
