Kahn B, Turgeon K S
Health Phys. 1984 Feb;46(2):321-33. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198402000-00008.
Information used to derive the bioaccumulation factor for 32P in edible portions of fish was reviewed to evaluate the currently recommended values of 100,000 in fresh water and 29,000 in sea water that are applied in calculating radiation doses to persons from nuclear-power reactor effluents. A generic phosphorus bioaccumulation factor of 70,000 was obtained for larger rivers and estuarine waters on the basis of geometric mean phosphorus concentrations of 2 mg/g wet weight in fish muscle and 0.03 mg/l dissolved in water. A 20-fold lower bioaccumulation factor was inferred for 32P because radioactive decay is much faster than phosphorus turnover. A phosphorus turnover rate in muscle of 0.2% per day was estimated as a long-term average for edible-size fish, although more rapid turnover has been observed for brief periods. Large deviations from the generic bioaccumulation factor will occur for different phosphorus concentrations in water and turnover rates in fish. Site-specific determinations are also needed because 32P is bioaccumulated at lower trophic levels in the food web, not in the fish. Hence, the availability of concentrating organisms determines the bioaccumulation factor. Several other conditions that affect the 32P bioaccumulation factor have not been quantified and are suggested for study.
对用于推导鱼类可食用部分中³²P生物累积因子的信息进行了审查，以评估目前推荐的淡水100,000和海水29,000的值，这些值用于计算核电反应堆排放物对人员的辐射剂量。根据鱼类肌肉中磷的几何平均浓度为2毫克/克湿重，水中溶解磷为0.03毫克/升，得出较大河流和河口水中磷的通用生物累积因子为70,000。由于放射性衰变比磷的周转快得多，推断³²P的生物累积因子低20倍。估计食用大小鱼类肌肉中磷的周转速率长期平均值为每天0.2%，尽管短期内观察到周转更快。对于水中不同的磷浓度和鱼类的周转率，将与通用生物累积因子有很大偏差。还需要进行特定地点的测定，因为³²P在食物网中较低营养级生物体内累积，而非在鱼类体内。因此，富集生物的可利用性决定了生物累积因子。其他几个影响³²P生物累积因子的条件尚未量化，建议进行研究。
