Understanding osteoporosis. Cornerstone of prevention and treatment.

Osteoporosis, especially in the elderly, may be preventable. Postmenopausal white women appear to be primarily at risk. Investigations into the etiology have concentrated on calcium metabolism. New noninvasive tests may supplant iliac biopsy, which is currently the definitive test for osteoporosis. The importance of adequate calcium intake and exercise should be stressed, even in childhood. Once the disease is established, estrogen and calcium therapy and exercise may be beneficial.