Stueber K, Wilhelmsen H R
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1984 Feb;73(2):219-22. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198402000-00010.
Seventy-four patients were referred to the senior author because of presumed velopharyngeal incompetence without cleft palate. As a result of an extensive preoperative evaluation that included assessment of articulation patterns, nasal emission, oronasal resonance, and general speech intelligibility, 57 of the 74 patients were selected for a pharyngeal flap procedure. In 54 of the 57 patients (95 percent), the operation corrected inappropriate nasal emission and hypernasality and improved intraoral air pressure to allow normal speech production.
74名患者因疑似腭咽闭合不全（无腭裂）被转诊至资深作者处。经过包括发音模式评估、鼻漏气、口鼻共鸣和总体言语清晰度评估在内的全面术前评估，74名患者中有57名被选行咽瓣手术。在这57名患者中的54名（95%），手术纠正了不当的鼻漏气和鼻音过重问题，并改善了口腔内气压，使言语能够正常产生。
