Holm H A, Finnanger B, Hartmann A, Laerum F, Løhren O, Ruud T E, Stray N, Wolland T
Acta Med Scand. 1984;215(1):47-53. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1984.tb04968.x.
280 patients with phlebographically proven deep venous thrombosis received intravenous heparin infusion, mean duration 6.8 days, mean dose 370 U/kg/day. In 58 patients (21%) there was no apparent predisposing factor. Leg pain diminished more rapidly than edema. At discharge, 46% had edema. Symptoms suggesting pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred in 13 patients (4.6%) whose mean daily heparin dose was similar to that of the others. The only fatal PE occurred three days after cessation of heparin administration. Eight patients (3%) experienced major bleeding, the only fatal occurring after thoracocentesis. The frequency of major bleeding in patients above 70 years was 8% in females and 4% in males, in those below 70 years it was 0.5%; 22 patients (8%) had minor bleeding. Control phlebography after one week revealed completely cleared thrombus in 3%, partial clearance in 36%, unchanged in 39% and increased thrombosis in 22%. Dosage was significantly correlated to thrombus resolution.
280例经静脉造影证实为深静脉血栓形成的患者接受了静脉肝素输注，平均持续时间6.8天，平均剂量370 U/kg/天。58例患者（21%）无明显诱发因素。腿部疼痛比水肿消退得更快。出院时，46%的患者仍有水肿。13例患者（4.6%）出现提示肺栓塞（PE）的症状，其平均每日肝素剂量与其他患者相似。唯一的致命性肺栓塞发生在肝素给药停止后三天。8例患者（3%）发生大出血，唯一的致命性出血发生在胸腔穿刺术后。70岁以上患者大出血的发生率女性为8%，男性为4%，70岁以下患者为0.5%；22例患者（8%）有小出血。一周后的对照静脉造影显示，3%的患者血栓完全清除，36%的患者部分清除，39%的患者无变化，22%的患者血栓形成增加。剂量与血栓溶解显著相关。
